“Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains.” These are the famous opening words of a treatise that has not ceased to stir vigorous debate since its first publication in 1762. Rejecting the view that anyone has a natural right to wield authority over others, Rousseau argues instead for a pact, or ‘social contract’, that should exist between all the citizens of a state and that should be the source of sovereign power. From this fundamental premise, he goes on to consider issues of liberty and law, freedom and justice, arriving at a view of society that has seemed to some a blueprint for totalitarianism, to others a declaration of democratic principles.

Why You Should Read

- Explore the Concept of Freedom: Delve into Rousseau’s profound ideas about what it means to be truly free and how societal structures can constrain individual liberty.
- Understand the Social Contract: Gain insights into Rousseau’s theory of the social contract, which has influenced modern political thought and governance.
- Engage with Philosophical Debate: Participate in the ongoing debate about the balance between individual rights and the collective good.
- Reflect on Justice and Law: Examine Rousseau’s perspectives on justice and the role of law in maintaining a harmonious society.
- Appreciate Historical Impact: Recognize the lasting impact of Rousseau’s work on both democratic and totalitarian ideologies, shaping political discourse for centuries.